What is narcotics anonymous (NA): definition, steps, meetings, and effectiveness

Narcotics Anonymous is a nonprofit fellowship of individuals who have struggled with significant drug-related issues. It follows a 12-step program designed to address various substance use disorders and is the second-largest 12-step organization, following Alcoholics Anonymous, the pioneer of the 12-step approach.

The 12 steps of Narcotics Anonymous include principles such as admitting powerlessness over addiction, making amends for past actions, practicing self-reflection, and seeking a spiritual awakening. These steps guide members toward recovery and personal growth.

Meetings in Narcotics Anonymous are safe, supportive spaces where individuals share experiences and work toward recovery. Meetings include readings, discussions, or storytelling and emphasize anonymity, mutual respect, and inclusivity. They are free and open to anyone with a desire to stop using drugs.

The effectiveness of Narcotics Anonymous lies in its ability to provide a supportive, peer-driven recovery environment for individuals struggling with substance use disorders. Narcotics Anonymous utilizes 12-step programs and addresses a wide range of addictions. Its emphasis on mutual support and shared experiences has proven beneficial for its participants in achieving and maintaining long-term recovery.

What is Narcotics Anonymous (NA)?

Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a non-profit, community-based organization for individuals seeking recovery from drug addiction. It consists of self-supporting groups of two or more recovering addicts who meet regularly to support one another in achieving and maintaining a drug-free lifestyle. These groups are united by their adherence to the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions of NA, which provide a framework for personal recovery and group unity. Globally, NA is the second-largest 12-step organization.

According to the research article “The program is perfect: Narcotics Anonymous and the managing of the American addict” by Paul Christensen, published in the journal Medicine Anthropology Theory in 2017, NA is described as a free program that provides addicts with an extensive support system larger than themselves. The program has helped many individuals with drug addiction and restored stability in their lives. It is recognized as an admirable addiction recovery organization that has done immeasurable good for people who are often neglected and ignored.

What is the history of Narcotics Anonymous?

The history of Narcotics Anonymous emerged in the mid-20th century, drawing inspiration from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and its 12-step recovery program. Early attempts to adapt AA’s principles for drug addiction began at the United States Narcotic Farm, where groups like Addicts Anonymous offered mutual support to recovering addicts.

According to the research article “The History of Narcotics Anonymous” by Collins E. Lewis published in the Journal of Addiction Medicine and Therapy in 2017, the growth of Narcotics Anonymous (NA) began in New York City, establishing the first community-based group in 1949, led by Danny C.

In Los Angeles, NA began in 1951 when Betty T., a recovering addict and nurse, hosted “Habit Forming Drugs” meetings at her home. These meetings initially catered to AA members struggling with other addictions. By 1953, Jimmy K., inspired by his own recovery and the limitations he saw in existing structures, founded an NA group along with five others in Van Nuys, California, emphasizing a broader approach to addiction that included all substances, not just alcohol. This version introduced the concept of “addiction” as a disease, shifting the focus away from specific substances. This inclusive approach broadened NA’s appeal, making it a fellowship for anyone struggling with addiction, regardless of the substance.

After overcoming initial challenges, including leadership struggles and societal opposition, NA gained stability and experienced rapid growth in the 1970s. The publication of its Basic Text in 1983 solidified its identity and principles, paving the way for its global expansion. Today, NA operates in over 130 countries, offering hope and recovery to millions of individuals affected by addiction worldwide.

Who does Narcotics Anonymous aim to help?

Narcotics Anonymous aims to help individuals who struggle with drug addiction, regardless of their age, gender, race, sexual orientation, beliefs, or the substances they use. Its primary aim is to help these individuals achieve and maintain recovery through shared experiences and mutual support.

Narcotics Anonymous focuses on providing a welcoming and supportive environment for all members, both new and established, to connect with others who understand their struggles with addiction. A core principle is the healing power of peer support, where sharing personal stories and experiences forms the basis of recovery. Regular meeting attendance helps individuals not only stop using drugs but to lose the craving for substances and discover a new way of life.

What are the 12 steps of Narcotics Anonymous?

The 12 steps of Narcotics Anonymous are listed below.

• Admit powerlessness: Recognize that addiction has made life unmanageable.
• Believe in a higher power: Accept that a greater force can aid in recovery.
• Surrender control: Place your trust in the higher power for guidance.
• Self-reflection: Take an honest moral inventory of yourself.
• Confession: Admit your wrongs to yourself, your higher power, and another person.
• Readiness for change: Be open to letting go of negative traits.
• Seek help: Ask your higher power to remove shortcomings.
• Make a list of amends: Identify those you have harmed.
• Make amends: Apologize and repair relationships where possible.
• Self-assessment: Continue personal inventory and admit mistakes.
• Spiritual growth: Strengthen your connection with your higher power through prayer and reflection.
• Give back: Help others in recovery and live by these principles.

Is Narcotics Anonymous religious?

No, Narcotics Anonymous is not religious. As stated in the “Narcotics Anonymous, Fifth Edition” published by Narcotics Anonymous World Services, Inc. Chatsworth, California in 1988, NA welcomes individuals from all backgrounds and faiths. While NA incorporates spiritual principles, such as encouraging members to connect with a higher power, this concept is intentionally broad and left to individual interpretation. It does not promote any specific religion or deity, allowing members to define spirituality in a way that aligns with their beliefs.

NA remains neutral on religious practices, respecting each member’s right to define their spirituality. This inclusivity ensures the program focuses solely on recovery, not religion.

How does a person join Narcotics Anonymous?

A person joins Narcotics Anonymous (NA) by simply attending a meeting—there are no fees, applications, or formal requirements. Meetings are found on the NA website or through local helplines and are open to anyone with a desire to stop using drugs. NA provides a supportive, anonymous environment where members share experiences and work through recovery together. Participation in meetings, connecting with others, and exploring NA’s 12-step program is key to starting and sustaining recovery.

What does a Narcotics Anonymous sponsor do?

A Narcotics Anonymous sponsor is a group member typically available to their sponsee for support, offering guidance and a listening ear whenever questions or challenges arise during the recovery journey. This relationship often evolves beyond mentorship, fostering a genuine friendship.

Sponsors help guide members through the 12-step program, providing honest and objective feedback that is difficult to achieve alone. While not professionals, the shared experience of addiction creates a strong bond of empathy and mutual understanding, fostering a supportive environment for recovery.

Do you have to be clean to go to Narcotics Anonymous?

No, you do not have to be clean to go to Narcotics Anonymous (NA). NA welcomes anyone who has a desire to stop using drugs, regardless of their current state of use. Members often attend meetings while still using substances. While certain meetings ask those currently using to refrain from speaking during the meeting, they are encouraged to connect with members before or after the meeting for support.

What happens at Narcotics Anonymous meetings?

At Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings, individuals struggling with drug addiction find a safe, supportive space to share their experiences and connect with others. Meetings typically begin with the chairperson introducing themselves and welcoming attendees. Participants then recite the Serenity Prayer, followed by preambles. Certain meetings include brief introductions where newcomers introduce themselves voluntarily, but it is completely optional.

The main session features a speaker, a topic discussion, or a reading from NA literature. Following this participants contribute to the meeting by speaking – which is called ‘sharing’ in NA.Participants openly discuss their challenges and progress in recovery, members focus on mutual understanding while respecting boundaries by avoiding “crosstalk.” These discussions are guided by recovery-related themes or readings from NA literature.

Towards the end, announcements are made, and a “clean time countdown” allows members to celebrate sobriety milestones. Newcomers receive a welcome chip, and a donation box is passed for voluntary contributions. The meeting closes with a reminder of confidentiality, often ending with a group prayer or statement.

After the meeting, members often stay to socialize, offer support and provide guidance to newcomers. NA literature including books, and flyers are available, to provide a detailed explanation of the NA program.

Are Narcotics Anonymous meetings free?

Yes, Narcotics Anonymous meetings are free. There are no fees or dues to attend, though contributions are accepted voluntarily to help cover meeting expenses such as rent or literature. Attendance is open to anyone seeking recovery from addiction.

What to expect from my first Narcotics Anonymous meeting?

At your first Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meeting, expect a welcoming and nonjudgmental environment. The group consists of individuals in recovery from addiction, united by a common desire to stop using drugs. Meetings are typically held in rented spaces such as church halls or community centers, with no affiliation to these venues.

Meetings begin with readings and introductions. Participation is voluntary, and anonymity is a fundamental principle. Sharing full names or personal information is not required, allowing individuals to engage at their comfort level. Listening to shared stories helps newcomers connect with the group’s shared experiences, focusing on similarities rather than differences.

NA meetings are facilitated by members who are themselves recovering addicts, fostering a unique understanding of addiction and recovery. The structure emphasizes the therapeutic value of one addict helping another, creating a supportive and inclusive environment.

Arriving early allows time to locate the meeting space and settle in. After the meeting, participants are encouraged to stay and engage with others, fostering connections that strengthen the recovery process. Exploring different meetings helps identify the most suitable atmosphere.

The level of effort invested in attending and engaging with NA meetings directly impacts the benefits gained. Willingness to listen, contribute, and connect with others supports recovery and fosters personal growth on the path to a drug-free life.

What do people talk about in Narcotics Anonymous meetings?

In Narcotics Anonymous meetings, people talk about their personal experiences with addiction, the challenges they face in recovery, and the progress they are making. They share stories about how addiction has affected their lives, the struggles they encounter in staying sober, and how they are applying the Twelve Steps to overcome obstacles. Discussions often cover coping strategies, dealing with cravings, repairing relationships, and finding hope and motivation to continue their recovery journey.

How long do Narcotics Anonymous meetings last?

Narcotics Anonymous meetings typically last 60 to 90 minutes. Discussion meetings involve participants sharing their experiences, with speaking times limited to under 5 minutes to ensure everyone has an opportunity to contribute. Meetings include readings or group discussions centered on recovery topics. Speaker meetings provide extended speaking opportunities for members to share their stories in detail.

How often do people go to Narcotics Anonymous meetings?

People often go to Narcotics Anonymous meetings daily during their initial recovery phase, following the “90 meetings in 90 days” suggestion to build a strong foundation. After this period, attendance varies, with certain individuals attending multiple times a week and adjusting their frequency based on personal needs and progress in recovery.

Where do Narcotics Anonymous meetings take place?

Narcotics Anonymous meetings take place in various accessible locations, such as churches, treatment centers, community centers, or other facilities. These venues are often chosen because they are affordable, available, and convenient for participants. NA meetings are not affiliated with the organizations or institutions where they are held; the locations are simply used for practical purposes to support recovery.

How many meetings are required for Narcotics Anonymous?

The number of meetings required for Narcotics Anonymous depends on the individual’s needs, as Narcotics Anonymous (NA) does not mandate a specific number. According to the study titled “Personal recovery depends on NA unity: an exploratory study on recovery-supportive elements in Narcotics Anonymous Flanders” by Anne Dekkers et al. published in the journal Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy in 2020, frequent attendance at NA meetings is essential for fostering connectedness, which is a critical recovery-supportive element. The participants in the study noted that connectedness is facilitated by regular interaction in NA meetings, and reducing attendance often led to feelings of isolation and setbacks in their recovery process. However, there is no strict requirement for a specific number of meetings, as NA supports individual recovery needs, recommending members to attend meetings as often as necessary for their journey.

For newcomers, daily attendance of “90 meetings in 90 days” is often suggested to establish a strong recovery foundation. Beyond that, the frequency of meetings varies and is determined by the individual’s recovery goals and circumstances.

How to find Narcotics Anonymous meetings?

To find Narcotics Anonymous meetings, visit the official Narcotics Anonymous website and use the directory to search for local meetings. Meetings are held on most days of the week, with options for both in-person and virtual attendance. The NA Meeting Search app, available on iOS and Android, provides an additional tool for locating nearby or virtual meetings. Regional service committees offer helplines, meeting directories, and literature to support individuals in accessing resources. These committees play a significant role in ensuring meeting availability and accessibility.

Is Narcotics Anonymous effective?

Yes, Narcotics Anonymous is effective for individuals recovering from substance use disorders. The 2006 study “High Effectiveness of Self-Help Programs After Drug Addiction Therapy” authored by John-Kåre Vederhus and Øistein Kristensen published in the journal BMC Psychiatry, found that 81% of regular Narcotics Anonymous (NA) attendees remained abstinent six months after starting, compared to 26% of non-attendees. NA supports recovery through peer connections, social network changes, and the 12-step philosophy, helping participants develop coping strategies and stronger social bonds. The study concludes that NA is an effective supplement to addiction treatment, with health professionals encouraged to recommend it as part of recovery plans.

What is the success rate of Narcotics Anonymous?

The success rate of Narcotics Anonymous is explained below.

Does Narcotics Anonymous work for everyone?

No, Narcotics Anonymous does not work for everyone as its effectiveness differs from individual to individual. There’s an increasing variety of recovery groups available worldwide. Those seeking support are encouraged to explore these options and find what works best for them. The research study“One size doesn’t fit all: a thematic analysis of interviews with people who have stopped participating in Narcotics Anonymous in Norway” authored by John-Kåre Vederhus et al. published in the journal Addiction Science & Clinical Practice in 2020, highlights that Narcotics Anonymous (NA) model does not align with the personal recovery needs or beliefs of the participants. Specifically, certain participants found that NA’s meeting formats and the traditional 12-step approach did not match their own understanding of addiction recovery.

The research study titled “Efficacy of Group Therapy Based on 12-step Approach of Narcotics Anonymous on Selfcontrol and Quality of Life in People With Substance Use Disorder Diagnosis During Recovery” by Sayed Mostafa Abdollahi and Sayed Abbas Haghayegh published in the journal Practice in Clinical Psychology in 2020 highlights that NA’s benefits are notable for those who engage actively, but the approach does not address specific challenges like environmental factors or deeply rooted socioeconomic issues. Additionally, the study emphasizes the limitations of generalizing results to broader populations, such as non-volunteers or women. Thus, while NA is a valuable recovery tool for individuals, it is not universally effective, and other interventions are needed for certain individuals.

What is the difference between Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?

The difference between Narcotics Anonymous (NA) and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) lies in their focus and approach. AA is specifically designed for individuals recovering from alcohol addiction, while NA supports those dealing with addiction to any substance, including drugs and alcohol, making it broader in scope.

Both programs emphasize the importance of a higher power, but Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) places greater focus on relying on a higher power for overcoming alcohol dependency, whereas NA encourages a combination of self-reflection and inner strength alongside spiritual principles.

In terms of community and terminology, AA members identify as “alcoholics,” focusing the conversation specifically on alcohol, while NA members refer to themselves as “addicts,” reflecting the wider scope of addictions they address.

AA is known for its larger global network and long standing focus on alcohol recovery, originating from its establishment in the 1930s. NA, while smaller in comparison, has been expanding its reach and supports a wide array of substance-related issues, not limited to alcohol. Meetings in AA typically revolve around discussions from the “Big Book” and share experiences directly related to alcohol, whereas NA meetings, guided by the “Basic Text,” cover a broader spectrum of addictive behaviors and their impacts on mental, emotional, and physical health.

What are the downsides of Narcotics Anonymous?

The downsides of Narcotics Anonymous are listed below.

• Spiritual emphasis: Narcotics Anonymous’s (NA) 12-step program incorporates spirituality, referencing a “higher power.” This focus is challenging for non-religious individuals with different spiritual beliefs. This aspect alienates those who do not align with such concepts.
• Uniform approach: The program employs a standardized method to address addiction, which does not cater to the diverse needs of all individuals. This “one-size-fits-all” strategy appears out of step with current scientific understanding of addiction as a brain disease. Furthermore, the common NA slogan “It works if you work it” is discouraging, suggesting that relapse is due to personal shortcomings rather than acknowledging the complexities of addiction.
• Limited professional integration: NA primarily relies on peer support and often excludes professional medical or psychological interventions. This absence is a drawback for those requiring comprehensive treatment plans that include medical or therapeutic support.
• Time commitment: Narcotics Anonymous often recommends attending “90 meetings in 90 days,” requiring participants to dedicate significant time daily. With meetings lasting one to two hours and additional travel and preparation time, this consumes up to three hours a day. Such a commitment is overwhelming for individuals with work, family, or financial constraints, especially in rural areas with limited access to meetings. Balancing this with other responsibilities leads to burnout, making it difficult for individuals to engage with the program fully.

What are alternatives to Narcotics Anonymous?

The alternatives to Narcotics Anonymous are listed below.

• SMART Recovery: Self-Management and Recovery Training (SMART Recovery) is a research-backed program that assists individuals in overcoming addictions and problematic behaviors, including narcotics use. It equips participants with skills for achieving and maintaining sobriety using techniques from rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The program emphasizes boosting motivation, coping with cravings, managing emotions, and creating a balanced and satisfying lifestyle. Unlike Narcotics Anonymous (NA), SMART Recovery is a secular, science-based approach to recovery, offering worldwide support through peer-led meetings, online resources, and personalized self-help tools.
• Women for Sobriety (WFS): Women for Sobriety (WFS), established in 1975, is a non-profit organization that offers a self-help program tailored to women recovering from substance use disorders (SUDs). The program is built around the 13 affirmations of the New Life Program, which focus on replacing negative thoughts and behaviors with self-empowerment, self-love, and spiritual growth. By incorporating daily reflection, group support meetings, and holistic practices such as meditation, WFS provides a safe and supportive space where women cultivate resilience and embrace their recovery journey.
• LifeRing Secular Recovery: LifeRing Secular Recovery is a worldwide non-profit organization offering a self-directed path to overcoming addiction, including narcotics. In contrast to traditional 12-step programs, LifeRing focuses on developing an individual’s “sober self” to overcome their “addict self,” prioritizing personal control and inner resources over-reliance on a higher power. Support is provided through confidential in-person meetings and an online community, encouraging positive interaction and shared recovery experiences.
• Secular Organizations for Sobriety (S.O.S.): Secular Organizations for Sobriety (SOS) is a non-profit, non-religious support group for people recovering from drug and alcohol misuse. Different from 12-step programs, SOS is independent and emphasizes ongoing abstinence, personal responsibility, and rational thought. Meetings offer a confidential space for group discussions, peer support, and celebrating sobriety achievements. Membership is free, and the organization depends on donations to maintain its independence and accessibility for anyone seeking recovery.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based alternative to NA that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors contributing to addiction. Through techniques like managing cravings, avoiding triggers, and handling stress, CBT equips individuals with practical skills for recovery. It is tailored to individual needs, delivered in various formats, and works well as a standalone treatment or alongside other approaches. CBT offers a professional, secular, and sustainable pathway for those seeking long-term sobriety.